How Biology is brought to life at Hurtwood House

Biology is very much a ‘living’ science and for that reason the approach to the subject at Hurtwood House places a strong emphasis on the lessons that can be learned from practical investigation. Classes involve microscopy, anatomy and experimental work and this can be aided by statistical analysis, as in the study of the genetic distribution of certain human characteristics, such colour blindness. Practical laboratory work provides an ideal opportunity for you to learn about collating and interpreting data, recording and reporting your findings concisely and arriving at effective solutions to problems.
 
Fieldwork is an important part of the A-level course and here at Hurtwood House we are ideally situated for this. Natural deciduous woodland - the climax vegetation of the South of England - is all around us, while on nearby Leith Hill the woods have been ‘managed’ by the ancient craft of coppicing since pre-Roman times. We also have less environmentally friendly, managed coniferous monocultures. Freshwater streams are nearby and the coast with rocky shores and sand dunes is just an hour away.
 
There is no better way to appreciate the complexities of evolution, the elaborate networks of ecology and Man’s effect on his surroundings than to immerse yourself in it in the way that only Hurtwood can.

Specification and examinations – Salters

For an in depth study of the course please click here www.newsnab.com
 
AS Course

This course is divided into three Units. Units 1 and 2 are examined in a written test and Unit 3 includes a Visit or Issue Report and internal assessment of practical skills. 

Theory presented in 4 topics


Topic 1: Lifestyle, health and risk
This topic builds on the knowledge and understanding which students bring to the course on the functioning of the circulatory system and the importance of lifestyle choices to health. The role of diet and other lifestyle factors in maintaining good health is considered with articular reference to the heart and circulation and to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The structures and functions of the carbohydrates and lipids are also detailed within this context. Ideas about correlation, causation and the concept of risks to health are covered.

 
Topic 2: Genes and health
This topic considers the following biology principles: the properties and transport of materials, across cell membranes and gas exchange surfaces, DNA structure and replication, protein synthesis and monohybrid inheritance through the context of the genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF). The potential that gene therapy offers as treatment for CF is examined. The topic also allows for discussion of the social and ethical issues surrounding the diagnosis and treatment of genetic conditions.

Topic 3: The voice of the genome
This topic follows the story of the development of multicellular organisms form single cells to complex individuals. Cell structure and ultrastructure, cell differentiation, tissue orangisation, cell division, the importance of fertilization, the role of stem cells, gene expression are all considered within this topic, as is the role of the genotype and the effect of environment on phenotype.

Topic 4: Biodiversity and natural resources
The topic focuses on biodiversity and the wealth on natural resources used by humans. The meaning of biodiversity and how it can be measured, considered first and how all this diversity has come about through adaptation and natural selection. It has sections on both traditional and novel uses of plants and plant fibres and the use of chemical extracts from the animals and plants. The concern for disappearing biodiversity and loss of potential natural resources is used to highlight the need for biologists and loss of potential natural resources is used to highlight the need for biologists to identify the name and classify species. The topic finishes by looking at the role of zoos in conservation of endangered species. General biological principles covered include the relationship of plant anatomy to function and the structure and role of cellulose and starch.

This is examined in two external exams and one major piece of coursework on a visit or issue and continual practical assessment.

A2 course
Again four units, examined in two external exams and one individual practical project.

Topic 5: On the Wild Side

This topic builds on an appreciation that photosynthesis is the primary process that underpins the majority of ecosystems, and provides students with an understanding of how ecosystems work. The topic continues by looking at the weather climate change will lead to the extinction of species or evolution by natural selection, and looks at the evidence for global warming and its effects on plants and animals. By the end of the topic students should appreciate how scientific understanding can make us aware of our responsibilities as stewards of the environment.

Topic 6: Infection, immunity and forensics

This topic starts by the looking at forensics pathologists use a wide variety of analytical techniques to determine the identity of a person or other animal, and to establish the time and cause of death of an organism, including humans, It then considers how bacteria and viruses use a variety of routes into their hosts and how hosts have evolved barriers and internal mechanisms to combat infections. These protections are not always successful and many people in the world still die form infectious diseases. This topic also investigates the evolutionary battles that take place between invading pathogens and their hosts.

Topic 7: Run for your life

This topic is centered on the physiological adoptions that enable animals and humans, particularly sports people, and other animals to undertake strenuous exercise. It explores the links between an animals’ physiology and its performance. This topic summerises the biochemical requirements for respiration and looks at the links between homeostasis, muscle physiology and performance. It ends by looking at how medical technology is enabling more people to participate in sport by raising the issue as to whether the use of performance enhancing  substances by athletes can be justified.

Topic 8: Grey matter

The scene is set by considering how the working of the nervous system enables us to see. Brain imaging and the regions of the brain are considered. The topic also demonstrates how an understanding of bran structure and functioning is relevant to such issues as the response to stimuli, the development of vision and learning. It investigates imbalances in brain chemicals may result in conditions sucha s Parkinson’s disease and its treatment with drugs are investigated. Student’s discuss the ethical issues raised by the Human genome Project and the risks and benefits of using the genetically modified organisms.

What skills do I need?

Biology has a unique appeal. It is obviously a science subject. Nevertheless, it has a lot in common with the Arts and students who are interested in the natural world often choose to combine it with non-science subjects in their A-level portfolio.

Much of the work in Biology demands that you are able to evaluate the biological material you are taught. This means that you will need to possess analytical and practical skills and be able to communicate your findings effectively. If you are considering A-level Biology you should have gained an A or B pass in the subject at GCSE level or in a Combined or Dual-Science course. You should also have passes in GCSE Maths and Chemistry as these will give you a good foundation for your A-level Biology.

After A-level

Biology sits well in any A-level portfolio. The analytical and investigative skills you will learn equip you for a range of courses at University and not necessarily those that are solely scientific. If you are contemplating a degree in Medicine, Dentistry, Biochemistry, Biotechnology, or any of the specialisations that stem from them, such as Physiology or Genetics, it is likely that you will combine Biology with Chemistry at A-level. Biology is also a preferred subject for paramedical training, eg Physiotherapy, Nursing or Speech Therapy, and of environment-related courses such as Agriculture.
 
Biology also goes well with Arts or Social Science subjects such as Psychology or Sociology, where the skills of problem-solving, formulation and testing of hypotheses and handling data make it a suitable choice if you are thinking of management, computing or teaching.

As we started with Darwin, so we finish with him. This is where genetics and evolution and controversial topics such as genetic engineering come in. Even if you do not carry on with Biology in the future, after following the course at Hurtwood you will be a truly educated and informed member of the community in the 21st century.
 
If you want to find out more about the subject before you start, why don’t you try some background reading. The weekly ‘New Scientist’ keeps in touch with all the latest developments in short readable articles. Some interesting books worth reading – among many others – are:
New Scientist and Scientific American for general articles
Biology: A Functional Approach – MVB Roberts
Only One Earth – L Timberlake
Human Biology – Simpkins & Williams
The Message of Ecology – C Krebs
The Secret Life of Plants – D Attenborough
The Selfish Gene – Richard Dawkins
Fight for the Tiger – Michael Day
The Human Brain – Susan Greenfield
Hen’s Teeth and Horse’s Hooves – Stephen Jay Gould

Hurtwood provides excellent education in a positive living and learning environment

Marion SimÃce
Past student